This information does not account for countless incidences prior to 2008 and are only a glimpse of high profile cases since 2008. Thorough research is required to understand the extent of Israeli war crimes.

Israeli Attacks on Hospitals in Gaza:

Israel has systematically targeted hospitals and medical facilities in Gaza during its military campaigns, resulting in the deaths of innocent civilians and the destruction of critical infrastructure that serves the already oppressed and besieged population of Gaza. These attacks are seen as part of Israel's broader strategy to destabilize the region and violate the rights of Palestinians, including their right to health and medical care.

1. Al-Quds Hospital (2008-2009)

Date: January 2009

Details: During Israel's brutal "Battle of Al-Furqan [Palestine]" "Operation Cast Lead [Israel]", Al-Quds Hospital in Gaza was directly targeted by Israeli airstrikes. Al-Quds is one of the few remaining medical facilities providing care to the civilians of Gaza, yet it was bombed despite being a well-known civilian institution. The attack resulted in the destruction of parts of the hospital and left many injured. For Palestinians, this attack was yet another example of Israel's disregard for the lives of innocent civilians and its repeated targeting of humanitarian infrastructure.

2. Al-Quds Hospital (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: In the 2014 assault on Gaza, ''The Gaza Massacre [Palestine]" "Operation Protective Edge [Israel]", Israeli forces struck Al-Quds Hospital once again. The bombing caused extensive damage to the medical facility, which had been treating a large number of wounded Palestinians. Israel claim that it was targeting Hamas yet again, Palestinians view this as a deliberate attack on civilian infrastructure. For Palestinians, the destruction of hospitals is a violation of international law, which protects medical facilities from military attacks. The bombing further deepened the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, leaving the injured without access to critical medical care.

3. Al-Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: During the same offensive, Israel targeted the Al-Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital, which had already been hit by previous airstrikes. This hospital, which provided essential care to disabled patients, was deliberately bombed by Israel, forcing the evacuation of patients and staff. The deliberate destruction of this hospital, among others, highlighted Israel's tactics of collective punishment and indiscriminate targeting of civilian infrastructure in Gaza. For Palestinians, it was seen as a direct assault on their right to medical treatment.

4. Al-Shifa Hospital (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: Al-Shifa, Gaza's largest and most important hospital, was also attacked during the 2014 war. Israel's airstrikes damaged parts of the hospital, including areas critical for treating the wounded. Palestinians viewed the attack as a war crime and an attempt to incapacitate Gaza’s medical system. Al-Shifa Hospital was already overwhelmed with casualties, with this attack added to the already devastating toll on the civilian population.

5. Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital (2023)

Date: October 2023

Details: In Israel's military operations in Gaza in 2023, the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, located in the central Gaza Strip, was struck by Israeli airstrikes. The attack caused significant damage to the hospital’s infrastructure, including emergency care areas that were treating civilians injured by previous bombings. As with previous attacks, Israel claimed it was targeting Hamas military positions with no evidence, Palestinians saw this as another example of Israel’s deliberate targeting of medical facilities. This attack further endangered the lives of civilians and intensified the already dire humanitarian crisis.

6. Al-Quds Hospital (2023)

Date: October 2023

Details: In yet another incident in the 2023 escalation, Al-Quds Hospital, a vital medical facility in Gaza City, was hit by Israeli airstrikes. The strike caused widespread damage to the hospital’s buildings, including the loss of medical equipment and destruction of operating rooms. Palestinians viewed this attack as an intentional act of aggression against civilians, as the hospital was a known civilian structure. Despite the widespread condemnation from the international community, Israel continued to defend the bombing as part of its military operations.

7. Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital (2024)

Date: October, 2024

Details: On October 14, 2024, Israeli airstrikes targeted Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in Deir el-Balah, central Gaza. The attack caused significant damage to the hospital’s infrastructure, including vital areas used for emergency care. This strike led to a devastating fire in a nearby tent camp that was housing displaced families. Tragically, at least four individuals were killed in the fire and dozens more were severely injured, many suffering from catastrophic burns. Volunteer surgeon Mohammad Tahir described the horror of seeing victims with burns covering 60 to 80 percent of their bodies. For Palestinians, this attack is viewed as yet another example of Israel’s brutal targeting of civilian infrastructure, especially healthcare facilities. Such actions are seen as an intentional attempt to destroy essential services for a population already struggling under siege.

8. Nasser Hospital (2024)

Date: July, 2024

Details: On July 13, 2024, Israeli forces launched an airstrike on the al-Mawasi area in Khan Yunis, southern Gaza, killing at least 90 civilians and injuring over 300 others. The Nasser Hospital, already overwhelmed by casualties, struggled to manage the influx of patients. Palestinians saw this as another deliberate assault on civilian life, with the attack on Nasser Hospital viewed as an attempt to further cripple the medical care system and intensify the suffering of the people. The hospital’s staff, who were already working under extreme pressure, were unable to save many of the victims due to the overwhelming number of casualties. The attack is seen as part of a broader strategy by Israel to target hospitals and destroy essential infrastructure, leaving civilians even more vulnerable.

9. Kamal Adwan Hospital (2024)

Date: May, 2024

Details: On May 24, 2024, Kamal Adwan Hospital in Beit Lahia, northern Gaza, was struck by Israeli airstrikes, resulting in severe damage to the hospital’s infrastructure. This attack, which forced the evacuation of the hospital, left the civilian population without access to critical medical services during an already difficult period. The hospital had been providing vital care to the injured, and its destruction highlighted Israel’s deliberate targeting of medical facilities. For Palestinians, the attack on Kamal Adwan Hospital is seen as part of a larger pattern of Israeli aggression, where even the most essential services for civilians are not spared. The destruction of hospitals is viewed as an attempt to cripple Gaza's healthcare system, exacerbating an already dire humanitarian crisis.

10. Nasser Hospital (2025)

Date: March, 2025

Details: In March 2025, Israeli airstrikes again targeted Nasser Hospital in Khan Yunis, leading to the deaths of five individuals. The attack caused a large fire to break out within the hospital, which caused further destruction and casualties. For Palestinians, this bombing is viewed as an intentional attack on both medical personnel and civilians seeking refuge within the hospital. The hospital had been serving as a critical point of care during ongoing Israeli assaults on the region. This attack is seen as part of Israel's broader tactic to target medical facilities and kill innocent civilians while justifying these actions under the guise of military operations. The bombing of Nasser Hospital deepened the suffering of Palestinians, making it harder for them to access medical care during a time of extreme crisis.

11. Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital (2025)

Date: March 20, 2025

Details: On March 20, 2025, Israeli airstrikes destroyed the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital, Gaza’s only cancer treatment center. This attack left thousands of cancer patients without essential care. Palestinians view this as a deliberate attempt by Israel to target civilian infrastructure and deepen the suffering of an already devastated population. The destruction of this hospital is seen as a war crime, violating international law that protects medical facilities during conflict. For Palestinians, this attack symbolizes Israel’s ongoing efforts to destroy vital services and deprive them of basic rights, including healthcare.

Conclusion:

The repeated attacks on hospitals in Gaza by Israeli forces represent a gross violation of international law and human rights. These attacks are seen as an intentional strategy to weaken Gaza’s medical infrastructure, depriving the civilian population of essential healthcare and further deepening the suffering of an already besieged and impoverished population. The systematic targeting of medical facilities, including hospitals, is viewed as part of a larger pattern of collective assault by Israel, aimed at breaking the will of the Palestinian people.

Each of these hospital bombings is seen not just as an isolated incident, but as a deliberate attempt to undermine Gaza’s ability to respond to the humanitarian crisis caused by Israel’s military actions. For Palestinians, these attacks are a stark reminder of the imbalance of power and the ongoing struggle for basic rights, including the right to life and medical care. The destruction of hospitals is a symbol of the larger reality of occupation and military aggression that Palestinians continue to face.

​Since June 2, 2007, Israel has implemented a blockade on all humanitarian aid entering Gaza, including food, medicine, fuel and essential supplies. This action has been widely criticized as a violation of international humanitarian law.

Source:

Human Rights Watch

Amnesty International

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

Al Jazeera

ODN News

NBC News

Le Monde

Israeli Attacks on Schools in Gaza:

The targeting of schools in Gaza by Israeli forces during military operations has been a recurrent and devastating violation of international law. Schools, which are meant to be safe havens for children and civilians, have been repeatedly struck by Israeli airstrikes, artillery and shelling. These attacks are seen as part of Israel’s broader military strategy to destabilize Gaza, destroy civilian infrastructure and cause fear and suffering among the population. Below are some of the high profile attacks on schools in Gaza:

1. Al-Fakhoura School (2009)

Date: January 2009

Details: An Israeli airstrike hit the Al-Fakhoura School in Gaza City, which was being used as a shelter for displaced families. The attack killed at least 40 Palestinians, most of whom were civilians, and injured many more. The school was part of the UNRWA network of schools that had been converted into shelters due to the ongoing conflict. Palestinians view this attack as part of Israel's ongoing strategy to target civilian infrastructure, even places that were supposed to be protected under international law, such as schools and hospitals. The strike left survivors traumatized and further deepened the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

2. Al-Mawasi School (2008-2009)

Date: January 2009

Details: Israeli airstrikes targeted the Al-Mawasi School in Gaza. The school, like others, was being used as a refuge for displaced civilians. The attack resulted in the destruction of the building and the deaths of several people who had been sheltering there. For Palestinians, this attack was seen as part of Israel's broader strategy of targeting civilian infrastructure and denying basic rights to the Palestinian people, including their right to education and safety.

3. UNRWA Schools (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: During the 2014 ''Gaza Massacre [Palestine]'' ''Operation Protective Edge [Israel]", several United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) schools in Gaza were attacked by Israeli airstrikes or shelling. These schools were being used as shelters by tens of thousands of displaced Palestinians who had fled their homes due to the conflict. In one notorious instance, an Israeli airstrike hit an UNRWA school in Jabaliya, killing at least 15 people and injuring many others. These schools were clearly marked as shelters, and the attacks were seen as a blatant violation of international law, which protects civilian facilities, including schools, during armed conflicts. The attacks left many families without a safe place to shelter, and for Palestinians, these bombings underscored Israel's disregard for human life and the safety of civilians.

4. Al-Qattan School (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: During the 2014 war, Israeli forces bombed Al-Qattan School, located in the center of Gaza City. This school had been used as a shelter for displaced civilians. The bombing caused extensive damage to the school’s infrastructure, forcing those who sought refuge there to flee once again. Palestinians see this attack as another example of Israel’s strategy of collective punishment, where even children and civilians are not safe from the violence. It is seen as a clear violation of international law, as schools should never be targeted in military operations.

5. Shuja’iyya School (2014)

Date: July 2014

Details: In the Shuja’iyya neighbourhood of Gaza City, Israel’s airstrikes during their ''Operation Protective Edge'' resulted in the destruction of a school that was being used to shelter displaced people. The attack caused several deaths, including children, and further exacerbated the already dire humanitarian situation. Yet another attempt by Israel to target and destroy spaces meant to provide protection and relief to civilians in Gaza.

6. UNRWA School in Rafah (2014)

Date: August 2014

Details: Another UNRWA school in Rafah, located in southern Gaza, was hit by Israeli artillery shelling during the 2014 offensive. The attack killed several people and injured many others, most of whom were civilians who had taken refuge in the school. The school, like others, had been designated as a shelter for those fleeing the violence. Palestinians believe that Israel intentionally targeted these schools to instil fear and discourage resistance, as the attacks made it clear that no place in Gaza, not even schools, was safe. This also highlighted the ongoing pattern of Israel's military actions disregarding international norms regarding the protection of civilian sites.

7. UNRWA Schools (2021)

Date: May 2021

Details: During Israel's airstrikes in Gaza as part of their Operation Guardian of the Walls in May 2021, several UNRWA schools in Gaza were damaged or destroyed. These schools, which were being used to shelter displaced families, were hit by airstrikes, leading to further deaths and injuries. The destruction of these schools was part of the broader pattern of Israel’s bombardment of civilian infrastructure, including homes, hospitals, and schools. This reflects Israel’s blatant disregard for international law and its deliberate targeting of vulnerable civilians, including children.

8. Gaza City School (2021)

Date: May 2021

Details: Another school in Gaza City was struck during the May 2021 escalation between Israel and Palestinian factions. This school, which had been used to shelter displaced people, was severely damaged by an Israeli airstrike. The school had no military presence, yet it was destroyed, further compounding the sense of vulnerability among the Palestinian population.

9. Targeting of Schools (2023)

Date: October 2023

Details: During Israel's military operations in Gaza in 2023, schools were once again struck by airstrikes or shelling. As in previous attacks, these schools were not only educational institutions but were also being used as shelters for displaced civilians. The attacks on these schools in 2023 were part of Israel’s ongoing military campaign and were widely condemned by human rights groups and the Palestinian people, who see these acts as further examples of Israel's disregard for civilian lives.

10. Gaza City School Attack (2024)

Date: March 2024

Details: In March 2024, Israeli airstrikes targeted a Gaza City school, which had been repurposed as a shelter for displaced civilians. The attack caused significant casualties, including several children and severely damaged the school. This strike on a civilian refuge further exemplified Israel’s ongoing pattern of targeting places meant to protect civilians. Many Palestinians view this attack as a deliberate attempt to break their resilience and force them into further displacement, showing no regard for the lives of the most vulnerable, including children and the elderly.

11. Rafah School Attack (2024)

Date: June 2024

Details: In June 2024, Israeli airstrikes hit a school in Rafah, located in southern Gaza, which was being used as a shelter for displaced families. The attack resulted in the deaths of dozens of civilians, including women and children. The destruction of yet another civilian shelter intensified the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Palestinians see this as a calculated attack to instil fear and prevent any sense of safety for those seeking refuge in schools, a space that should be protected under international law.

12. Gaza City School Attack (2024)

Date: October 2024

Details: In October 2024, Israeli airstrikes targeted a Gaza City school, which had been serving as a shelter for displaced civilians. The attack resulted in the deaths of at least 30 people, including several children. The school had no military presence and was clearly marked as a civilian site. This attack, as with others, is seen by Palestinians as part of Israel’s broader strategy to target and destroy civilian infrastructure, further exacerbating the suffering of the Palestinian people.

13. Khan Yunis and Jabaliya School Attacks (2025)

Date: 2025

Details: Throughout early 2025, Israeli airstrikes struck several schools across Khan Yunis and Jabaliya, which had been converted into shelters for displaced families. These attacks killed numerous civilians, including children and further displaced thousands of people. Despite Israel’s claims that Hamas militants were present in these locations, no evidence was provided. Palestinians view these strikes as part of Israel’s ongoing campaign to break the will of the Palestinian people, targeting shelters and places of safety that should be off-limits under international law.

Conclusion:

The repeated attacks on schools in Gaza are part of a deliberate strategy to terrorize and harm civilians. These schools, many of which are part of the UNRWA network, are not only centres of education but also critical shelters for those displaced by the violence. The attacks are viewed as violations of international law, as schools are protected under the Geneva Conventions. The destruction of schools is seen as part of Israel’s broader policy of collective assault, which seeks to break the spirit of the Palestinian people and deny them basic rights, including the right to education and the right to safety. The loss of these educational spaces compounds the suffering of Palestinian children and families, leaving them without access to both shelter and education. For Palestinians, the attack on schools symbolizes the ongoing assault on their existence, rights and future.

Source:

AP News

The Times

Al-Jazeera

The Guardian

Le Monde